Trivia Question 23 Answer

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The answer is the insular cortex (and by extension the overlying temporal lobe, which can't be circumvented). One interpretation of this result is that the insular cortex contributes to function of the 'central governor.' The central governor theory, proposed by the pre-eminent South African sports physiologist and physician Timothy Noakes, states the failure of the body during endurance events is due to the brain shutting the body/muscles down as a protective mechanism rather than full fatigue of the body itself.

Reference

Hutchinson A. Endure: mind, body, and the curiously elastic limits of human performance. Chapter 12, zapping the brain. Copyright 2018.